ORACLE 11G R2静默安装，配置 准备工作 1.依赖性准备
1 # yum install make gcc binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel glibc.i686
2.用户和组准备
1 2 3 4 5 # groupadd oinstall # groupadd dba # useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /home/oracle oracle # passwd oracle //设置oracle密码
3.目录准备及权限调整
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 # mkdir -p /export/servers/oracle/11.2.0 //数据库系统安装目录 # mkdir /export/data/oradata //数据库数据安装目录 # mkdir /export/data/oradata_back //数据备份目录 # mkdir /home/oracle/inventory //清单目录 # chown -R oracle:oinstall /export/servers/oracle # chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/inventory # chown -R oracle:oinstall /export/data # chomod -R 775 /export/servers/oracle # chomod -R 775 /export/data
以上工作可通过招待 pre-install.sh 脚本完成.
4.内核参数调整
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 # cat /etc/sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6553600 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 # /sbin/sysctl -p //让参数生效
5.用户的限制文件修改
1 2 3 4 5 6 # cat /etc/security/limits.conf` oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240
修改/etc/pam.d/login文件，增加如下
1 2 session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so //64为系统，千万别写成/lib/security/pam_limits.so，否则导致无法登录 session required pam_limits.so
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 # cat /etc/profile if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi
6.oracle安装包准备
下载并解压安装包到 /home/oracle/database
开始安装 1.打开另外一个终端，用oracle用户登录
2.复制并修改应答文件
1 $ cp -R /home/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp /home/oracle/database/response/my_db_install.rsp
修改应答文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 $ cat /home/oracle/database/response/my_db_install.rsp oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle11g.jd.com UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/inventory/ ORACLE_HOME=/export/servers/oracle/11.2.0 ORACLE_BASE=/export/servers/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
3.根据应答文件，开始安装
1 2 3 $ sudo su - oracle $ cd /home/oracle/database/ $ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/my_db_install.rsp
4.按提示切换到root用户的终端，依次执行脚本
1 2 # /home/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh # /opt/oracle/11.2.0/root.sh
5.切换到oracle用户的终端
6.修改oracle用户环境变量
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 $ cat ~/.bash_profile # User specific environment and startup programs export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_BASE=/app/server/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin $ source ~/.bash_profile
安装后工作 建库 1.复制并修改建库应答文件
复制应答文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 $ cp -R /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp /home/oracle/database/response/my_dbca.rsp $ cat /home/oracle/database/response/my_dbca.rsp OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" GDBNAME = "orcl11g" SID = "orcl" SYSPASSWORD = "OraPwd11" SYSTEMPASSWORD = "OraPwd11" DATAFILEDESTINATION = /app/data/oradata RECOVERYAREADESTINATION = /app/data/oradata_back SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system" SYSDBAPASSWORD = "OraPwd11" #以上2项可选 INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g" CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" #按需求设置，建议使用UTF-8 NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "" #可选 "UTF8" or "AL16UTF16" 建议UTF-8 TOTALMEMORY = "5120" #Oracle使用的最大内存，单位M建库
2.使用dbca静默建库
1 $ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/my_dbca.rsp
配置监听 1.使用netca静默方式创建监听
1 $ netca /silent /responsefile /vagrant/zhs16gbk/netca.rsp
执行完成会在 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件。
2.注册sid
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 $ cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora LISTENER = ( DESCRIPTION_LIST = ( DESCRIPTION = ( ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521) ) ( ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521) ) ) )
之前添加以下内容：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 SID_LIST_LISTENER = ( SID_LIST = ( SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = orcl) ( ORACLE_HOME = /app/server/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) )
3.执行$ lsnrctl reload重启监听
4.编辑 /etc/oratab 把 orcl11g:/export/servers/oracle/11.2.0:N的N，改为Y，这样就可以通过dbstart启动此实例，也可以通过dbshut关闭此实例了。
测试 1.查看监听状态
类似以下返回，说明监听状态正常
1 2 3 4 5 6 Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl11g", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "db1" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... Service "orcl11gXDB" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
2.sqlplus连接测试
1 2 $ export $ORACLE_SID=orcl11g $ sqlplus /as sysdba
正常登陆说明实例正常启动。
自启动脚本 加入 /etc/init.d/oracledb 文件：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 #!/bin/sh -e # chkconfig: 3 56 10 # description: Oracle 11g custom start/stop script DAEMON=oracle ORACLE_HOME=/app/server/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 ORACLE_OWNER=oracle restart() { stop start } case $1 in 'start') su - ${ORACLE_OWNER} -c "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/lsnrctl start" su - ${ORACLE_OWNER} -c "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/dbstart ${ORACLE_HOME}" #su - ${ORACLE_OWNER} -c "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/emctl start dbconsole" #su - ${ORACLE_OWNER} -c "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/isqlplusctl start" ;; 'stop') #su - ${ORACLE_OWNER} -c "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/isqlplusctl stop" #su - ${ORACLE_OWNER} -c "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" su - ${ORACLE_OWNER} -c "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/dbshut ${ORACLE_HOME}" su - ${ORACLE_OWNER} -c "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/lsnrctl stop" ;; restart) restart ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" exit ;; esac exit $?
加入自动启动:$ sudo chkconfig --add oracledb
文档约定 #开头的命令 说明需要使用root用户执行
$开头的命令 说明需要用oracle用户执行